![]() Although discovered in 1880, the effects of focused ultrasound on neuronal activity have been investigated since the 1920s. Subsequently, the mechanical waves can be reflected, refracted, or attenuated by the medium. Ultrasound is defined as mechanical waves with frequency higher than human audible sound (conventionally 20,000 Hz) that can travel through all types of matter: gases, liquids, solids, and plasma. Future applications of focused ultrasound therapy potentially have a favorable competitive role against established technologies, including deep-brain stimulation and stereotactic radiosurgery, particularly regarding tissue ablation, blood-brain-barrier opening, and gene therapy.Microbubble-mediated, focused ultrasound-induced opening of the blood-brain barrier can be used for targeted drug delivery to the brain.Focused ultrasound can heat or ablate tissue, such as tumors, via thermal and mechanical mechanisms.Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique used to affect the structure and function of the living nervous system.Exablate Neuro used magnetic resonance images taken during the procedure to guide the delivery of focused ultrasound to destroy brain tissue in a tiny area responsible for causing tremors. In 2016, the United States FDA approved the first focused ultrasound device to treat essential tremor in patients who have not responded to medication. The technology was later transferred to InsighTec in Haifa Israel in 1998 and then to the United States. The InsighTec ExAblate 2000 was the first MRgFUS system to obtain FDA market approval in the United States. Use of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) was first cited and patented in 1992. High-intensity focused ultrasound uses nonionizing ultrasonic waves to precisely heat or ablate tissue, such as tumors, via thermal and mechanical mechanisms. Unlike diagnostic ultrasound, it can be focused to a burning point by an acoustic lens. – Compare obtained results to determine which lens obtained better focusing capabilities.Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique used to affect the structure and function in the living brain and peripheral nervous system. – Utilize Network Analyzer and Pulse Echo machines to test the functionality and quality of fabricated and purchased lens – Generate COMSOL model to simulate the propagation of sound waves through a tissue sample from fabricated lens – Create fixture to mold fabricated lens and attach industry standard lens – Fabricate flat, single-element transducers to be used for lens fabrication and attachment The fabricated lens was then to be compared to a purchased, industry standard lens and determine which lens was more successful at focusing acoustic energy. The objective for the Focused Ultrasound Transducer project was to design an acoustic lens capable of focusing sound energy to a focal point with a focal length corresponding to the geometry of the lens. The clinical application of the focused ultrasound transducers will ultimately be tissue ablation therapies. An acoustic lens must be designed by the team to focus a transducer and the fabricated lens will be compared to an industry standard lens. The Kothapalli Lab of Penn State requires a focused ultrasound transducer that can deliver a centralized beam of sound energy to a focal point by an acoustic lens. ![]()
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